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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Dgraph vs. Hyprcubd vs. PostgreSQL vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Dgraph vs. Hyprcubd vs. PostgreSQL vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonHyprcubd  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
Hyprcubd seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSServerless Time Series DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Graph DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.25
Rank#90  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgdgraph.iohyprcubd.com (offline)www.postgresql.orgspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designdgraph.io/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsDgraph Labs, Inc.Hyprcubd, Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerApache Software Foundation
Initial release201220161989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2014
Current release29.0.1, April 202416.3, May 20243.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaGoGoCScala
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infotime, int, uint, float, stringyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingnoSQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC (https)ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersnononoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedyespartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesSynchronous replication via RaftSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesnoyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemno infoPlanned for future releasestoken accessfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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Apache DruidDgraphHyprcubdPostgreSQLSpark SQL
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