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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Datomic vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SpaceTime vs. Splunk

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Datomic vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SpaceTime vs. Splunk

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSpaceTime  Xexclude from comparisonSplunk  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityFully managed big data interactive analytics platformSpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.Analytics Platform for Big Data
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedSpatial DBMSSearch engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#7  Spatial DBMS
Score86.45
Rank#14  Overall
#2  Search engines
Websitedruid.apache.orgwww.datomic.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.mireo.com/­spacetimewww.splunk.com
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designdocs.datomic.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.splunk.com/­Documentation/­Splunk
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsCognitectMicrosoftMireoSplunk Inc.
Initial release20122012201920202003
Current release29.0.1, April 20241.0.6735, June 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2commercial infolimited edition freecommercialcommercialcommercial infoLimited free edition and free developer edition available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJava, ClojureC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
All OS with a Java VMhostedLinuxLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexednoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetA subset of ANSI SQL is implementedno infoSplunk Search Processing Language for search commands
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
RESTful HTTP APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIHTTP REST
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Clojure
Java
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C#
C++
Python
C#
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoTransaction FunctionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnoyes
TriggersnoBy using transaction functionsyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basednone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceFixed-grid hypercubesSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Real-time block device replication (DRBD)Multi-source replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnonono infoA 'Transaction' in Splunk has a different meaning: grouping related events into a single one for later searching
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentnonono
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemnoAzure Active Directory AuthenticationyesAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Apache DruidDatomicMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSpaceTimeSplunk
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