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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Datomic vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Hive vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Datomic vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Hive vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonHive  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on HadoopVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.25
Rank#90  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score59.76
Rank#18  Overall
#12  Relational DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitedruid.apache.orgwww.datomic.comcloud.google.com/­bigtablehive.apache.orgvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designdocs.datomic.comcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docscwiki.apache.org/­confluence/­display/­Hive/­Homedocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsCognitectGoogleApache Software Foundation infoinitially developed by FacebookOpenLink Software
Initial release20122012201520121998
Current release29.0.1, April 20241.0.6735, June 20233.1.3, April 20227.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2commercial infolimited edition freecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaJava, ClojureJavaC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
All OS with a Java VMhostedAll OS with a Java VMAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesschema-freeyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingnonoSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
RESTful HTTP APIgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Clojure
Java
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoTransaction Functionsnoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infoVirtuoso PL
TriggersnoBy using transaction functionsnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basednone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersShardingShardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesselectable replication factorChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Eventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDAtomic single-row operationsnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and rolesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache DruidDatomicGoogle Cloud BigtableHiveVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale โ€” as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for โ€” Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including โ€” European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base โ€‹of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Apache DruidDatomicGoogle Cloud BigtableHiveVirtuoso
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