DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Cubrid vs. Hawkular Metrics vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Cubrid vs. Hawkular Metrics vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

CUBRID is an open-source SQL-based relational database management system with object extensions for OLTP

Hawkular metrics is the metric storage of the Red Hat sponsored Hawkular monitoring system. It is based on Cassandra.

Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform

In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle

Primary database model

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

column oriented

Secondary database models

Document store

If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store

this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.34
Rank	#88	Overall
	#48	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	1.20
Rank	#169	Overall
	#78	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#379	Overall
	#40	Time Series DBMS

Score	4.38
Rank	#77	Overall
	#41	Relational DBMS

Score	1.31
Rank	#163	Overall
	#74	Relational DBMS

Website

druid.apache.org

cubrid.com (korean)
cubrid.org (english)

www.hawkular.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

Technical documentation

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

cubrid.org/manuals

www.hawkular.org/hawkular-metrics/docs/user-guide

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

docs.oracle.com/database/timesten-18.1

Developer

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

CUBRID Corporation, CUBRID Foundation

Community supported by Red Hat

Microsoft

Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

Initial release

2012

2008

2014

2019

1998

Current release

29.0.1, April 2024

11.0, January 2021

cloud service with continuous releases

11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C, C++, Java

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Unix

Linux
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

yes

schema-free

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL for querying

yes

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB

HTTP REST

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

Go
Java
Python
Ruby

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

C
C++
Java
PL/SQL

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

PL/SQL

Triggers

yes

via Hawkular Alerting

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

none

Sharding

based on Cassandra

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

Source-replica replication

selectable replication factor

based on Cassandra

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

based on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency

based on Cassandra

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Azure Active Directory Authentication

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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