DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Citus vs. RocksDB vs. SQream DB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Citus vs. RocksDB vs. SQream DB vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

Embeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)

a GPU-based, columnar RDBMS for big data analytics workloads

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.25
Rank	#90	Overall
	#47	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	2.15
Rank	#117	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	3.41
Rank	#86	Overall
	#11	Key-value stores

Score	0.74
Rank	#224	Overall
	#103	Relational DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

docs.citusdata.com

github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki

docs.sqream.com

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Facebook, Inc.

SQream Technologies

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2012

2010

2013

2017

2019

Current release

29.0.1, April 2024

8.1, December 2018

9.2.1, May 2024

2022.1.6, December 2022

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

C++, CUDA, Haskell, Java, Scala

Clojure

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Unix

Linux

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, ANSI Standard SQL Types

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL for querying

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

C++ API
Java API

.Net
JDBC
ODBC

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby

C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

user defined functions in Python

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

horizontal and vertical partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

yes

none

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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