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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Citus vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OrientDB vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Citus vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OrientDB vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLFully managed big data interactive analytics platformMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score3.19
Rank#93  Overall
#16  Document stores
#7  Graph DBMS
#14  Key-value stores
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerorientdb.orgwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designdocs.citusdata.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmldocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsMicrosoftOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release20122010201920101998
Current release29.0.1, April 20248.1, December 2018cloud service with continuous releases3.2.29, March 202411 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaCJava
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
LinuxhostedAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language, no joinsyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RJava, JavascriptPL/SQL
Triggersnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyHooksno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno infocould be achieved with distributed queriesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyes inforelationship in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurablefine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache DruidCitusMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerOrientDBTimesTen
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