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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Citus vs. Hazelcast vs. JSqlDb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Citus vs. Hazelcast vs. JSqlDb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonHazelcast  Xexclude from comparisonJSqlDb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
JSqlDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLA widely adopted in-memory data gridJavaScript Query Language Database, stores JavaScript objects and primitivesFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSKey-value storeDocument store
Object oriented DBMS
Relational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoJSON support with IMDG 3.12Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score5.97
Rank#57  Overall
#6  Key-value stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comhazelcast.comjsqldb.org (offline)azure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designdocs.citusdata.comhazelcast.org/­imdg/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsHazelcastKonrad von BackstromMicrosoft
Initial release20122010200820182019
Current release29.0.1, April 20248.1, December 20185.3.6, November 20230.8, December 2018cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availableOpen Sourcecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCJava
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
LinuxAll OS with a Java VMLinux
macOS
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesschema-freeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityyes infothe object must implement a serialization strategynoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsSQL-like query languagenoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
JavaScript.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infoEvent Listeners, Executor Servicesfunctions in JavaScriptYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnoyesyes infoEventsnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedShardingShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes infoReplicated Mapnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user infoRaft Consensus AlgorithmEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDone or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commitedno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infousing RocksDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
Apache DruidCitusHazelcastJSqlDbMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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