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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Citus vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Citus vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonHBase  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLWide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTableElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.25
Rank#90  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score27.97
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comhbase.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designdocs.citusdata.comhbase.apache.org/­book.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by PowersetMicrosoft
Initial release2012201020082016
Current release29.0.1, April 20248.1, December 20182.3.4, January 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache version 2commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCJavaC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
LinuxLinux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
hosted
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesschema-free, schema definition possibleyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesoptions to bring your own types, AVROyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infoCoprocessors in JavaTransact SQL
Triggersnoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedShardingShardingSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)ACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABACyes

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Apache DruidCitusHBaseMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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