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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Citus vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Quasardb

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Citus vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Quasardb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonQuasardb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Widely used in-process key-value storeDistributed, high-performance timeseries database
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.85
Rank#96  Overall
#50  Relational DBMS
#6  Time Series DBMS
Score2.13
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score1.88
Rank#130  Overall
#23  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score0.13
Rank#332  Overall
#28  Time Series DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlquasar.ai
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designdocs.citusdata.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmldoc.quasar.ai/­master
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsGoogleOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oraclequasardb
Initial release20122010201719942009
Current release30.0.0, June 20248.1, December 201818.1.40, May 20203.14.1, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialOpen Source infocommercial license availablecommercial infoFree community edition, Non-profit organizations and non-commercial usage are eligible for free licenses
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaCC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)C++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
LinuxhostedAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes infointeger and binary
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes infowith tags
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nonono
Triggersnoyesnoyes infoonly for the SQL APIno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedShardingShardingnoneSharding infoconsistent hashing
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Source-replica replicationSource-replica replication with selectable replication factor
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownowith Hadoop integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby using LevelDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyesyes infoTransient mode
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)noCryptographically strong user authentication and audit trail

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More resources
Apache DruidCitusGoogle Cloud SpannerOracle Berkeley DBQuasardb
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