DBMS > Apache Cassandra vs. Apache Druid vs. CockroachDB vs. DolphinDB vs. SingleStore

System Properties Comparison Apache Cassandra vs. Apache Druid vs. CockroachDB vs. DolphinDB vs. SingleStore

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB

Optimized for write access

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

DolphinDB is a high performance Time Series DBMS. It is integrated with an easy-to-use fully featured programming language and a high-volume high-velocity streaming analytics system. It offers operational simplicity, scalability, fault tolerance, and concurrency.

MySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type

Primary database model

Wide column store

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

starting with release V5

Relational DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	98.94
Rank	#11	Overall
	#1	Wide column stores

Score	2.85
Rank	#96	Overall
	#50	Relational DBMS
	#6	Time Series DBMS

Score	4.74
Rank	#67	Overall
	#36	Relational DBMS

Score	2.72
Rank	#100	Overall
	#8	Time Series DBMS
	#5	Vector DBMS

Score	4.02
Rank	#74	Overall
	#39	Relational DBMS

Website

cassandra.apache.org

druid.apache.org

www.cockroachlabs.com

www.dolphindb.com

www.singlestore.com

Technical documentation

cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

docs.dolphindb.cn/en/help200/index.html

docs.singlestore.com

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Cockroach Labs

DolphinDB, Inc

SingleStore Inc.

Initial release

2008

2012

2015

2018

2013

Current release

5.0-rc1, July 2024

30.0.0, June 2024

24.1.0, May 2024

v2.00.4, January 2022

8.5, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

commercial

free community version available

commercial

free developer edition available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.

Implementation language

Java

C++

C++, Go

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux

64 bit version required

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-less columns are supported

dynamic schema

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

restricted

only equality queries, not always the best performing solution

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)

SQL for querying

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

SQL-like query language

yes

but no triggers and foreign keys

APIs and other access methods

Proprietary protocol

CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC

JDBC
JSON over HTTP
Kafka
MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transport)
ODBC
OPC DA
OPC UA
RabbitMQ
WebSocket

Cluster Management API

as HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
MatLab
Python
R
Rust

Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

horizontal partitioning

Sharding

hash partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

Multi-source replication using RAFT

yes

Source-replica replication

stores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

can define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

ACID

yes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

All updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users can be defined per object

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

Role-based access control

Administrators, Users, Groups

Fine grained access control via users, groups and roles

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantages

No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenarios

Internet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customers

Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metrics

Apache Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing models

Apache licenseÂ Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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