DBMS > Apache Druid vs. ArangoDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. RocksDB vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. ArangoDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. RocksDB vs. Vertica

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

Native multi-model DBMS for graph, document, key/value and search. All in one engine and accessible with one query language.

A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene

Elasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metric

Embeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)

Cloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Search engine

Search engine

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Column oriented

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.29
Rank	#95	Overall
	#49	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	3.77
Rank	#87	Overall
	#15	Document stores
	#5	Graph DBMS
	#12	Key-value stores
	#10	Search engines

Score	134.78
Rank	#7	Overall
	#1	Search engines

Score	4.00
Rank	#84	Overall
	#11	Key-value stores

Score	11.40
Rank	#43	Overall
	#27	Relational DBMS

Website

druid.apache.org

arangodb.com

www.elastic.co/elasticsearch

rocksdb.org

www.vertica.com

Technical documentation

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

docs.arangodb.com

www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index.html

github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki

vertica.com/documentation

Social network pages

Developer

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

ArangoDB Inc.

Elastic

Facebook, Inc.

OpenText

previously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard

Initial release

2012

2010

2013

2005

Current release

29.0.1, April 2024

3.11.5, November 2023

8.6, January 2023

8.11.4, April 2024

12.0.3, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

Apache Version 2; Commercial license (Enterprise) available

Open Source

Elastic License

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Limited community edition free

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

on-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

ArangoDB Cloud –The Managed Cloud Service of ArangoDB. Provides fully managed, and monitored cluster deployments of any size, with enterprise-grade security. Get started for free and continue for as little as $0,21/hour.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Java

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Unix

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

schema-free

automatically recognizes schema within a collection

schema-free

Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent

schema-free

Yes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, double, boolean, list, hash

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

No Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL for querying

SQL-like query language

Full 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

AQL
Foxx Framework
Graph API (Gremlin)
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Java & SpringData
JSON style queries
VelocyPack/VelocyStream

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

C++ API
Java API

ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL

character-based, interactive, front-end utility

Supported programming languages

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

C#
C++
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Rust

.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

JavaScript

yes

yes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences

Triggers

yes

by using the 'percolation' feature

yes, called Custom Alerts

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

Sharding

since version 2.0

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

horizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

Source-replica replication with configurable replication factor

yes

Multi-source replication

One, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be done with stored procedures in JavaScript

ES-Hadoop Connector

Bi-directional Spark integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

configurable per collection or per write
Immediate Consistency
OneShard (highly available, fault-tolerant deployment mode with ACID semantics)

Eventual Consistency

Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

Memcached and Redis integration

yes

User concepts

Access control

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

yes

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Graph and Beyond. With more than 11,000 stargazers on GitHub, ArangoDB is the leading...
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Deploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
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Competitive advantages

Consolidation: As a native multi-model database, can be used as a full blown document...
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Fast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
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Typical application scenarios

Native multi-model in ArangoDB is being used for a broad range of projects across...
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Communication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
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Key customers

Cisco, Barclays, Refinitive, Siemens Mentor, Kabbage, Liaison, Douglas, MakeMyTrip,...
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Abiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
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Market metrics

ArangoDB is the leading native multi-model database with over 11,000 stargazers on...
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Licensing and pricing models

Very permissive Apache 2 License for Community Edition & commercial licenses are...
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Cost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
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