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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Apache Impala vs. Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Oracle NoSQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Apache Impala vs. Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Oracle NoSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure AI Search  Xexclude from comparisonOracle NoSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricSearch-as-a-service for web and mobile app developmentA multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSSearch engineSearch engineDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score5.59
Rank#63  Overall
#7  Search engines
Score2.95
Rank#100  Overall
#17  Document stores
#17  Key-value stores
#50  Relational DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgimpala.apache.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­searchwww.oracle.com/­database/­nosql/­technologies/­nosql
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmllearn.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­searchdocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­nosql-database/­index.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaElasticMicrosoftOracle
Initial release20122013201020152011
Current release29.0.1, April 20244.1.0, June 20228.6, January 2023V123.3, December 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoElastic LicensecommercialOpen Source infoProprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++JavaJava
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
LinuxAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
Solaris SPARC/x86
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesSupport Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesoptional
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query languagenoSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
RESTful HTTP APIRESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
JavaScript
Python
C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyesnono
Triggersnonoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesselectable replication factoryesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceElectable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReduceES-Hadoop Connectornowith Hadoop integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infodepending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonononoconfigurable infoACID within a storage node (=shard)
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoMemcached and Redis integrationnoyes infooff heap cache
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosyes infousing Azure authenticationAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Apache DruidApache ImpalaElasticsearchMicrosoft Azure AI SearchOracle NoSQL
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