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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Hive vs. PostGIS

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Hive vs. PostGIS

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonHive  Xexclude from comparisonPostGIS  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataAnalytic DBMS for HadoopScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLdata warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on HadoopSpatial extension of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSpatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument storeRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score61.17
Rank#18  Overall
#12  Relational DBMS
Score22.69
Rank#29  Overall
#1  Spatial DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgimpala.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comhive.apache.orgpostgis.net
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.citusdata.comcwiki.apache.org/­confluence/­display/­Hive/­Homepostgis.net/­documentation
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoinitially developed by Facebook
Initial release20122013201020122005
Current release29.0.1, April 20244.1.0, June 20228.1, December 20183.1.3, April 20223.4.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoGPL v2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++CJavaC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
LinuxLinuxAll OS with a Java VM
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C++
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions
Triggersnonoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedShardingShardingShardingyes infobased on PostgreSQL
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesselectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsselectable replication factoryes infobased on PostgreSQL
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoyes infoquery execution via MapReduceno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and rolesyes infobased on PostgreSQL

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More resources
Apache DruidApache ImpalaCitusHivePostGIS
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