DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Apache Impala vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Snowflake

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Apache Impala vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Snowflake

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

Primary database model

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.85
Rank	#96	Overall
	#50	Relational DBMS
	#6	Time Series DBMS

Score	10.63
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	1.31
Rank	#159	Overall
	#14	Time Series DBMS

Score	24.97
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	133.72
Rank	#7	Overall
	#5	Relational DBMS

Website

druid.apache.org

impala.apache.org

iotdb.apache.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

www.snowflake.com

Technical documentation

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Apache Software Foundation

Microsoft

Snowflake Computing Inc.

Initial release

2012

2013

2018

2014

Current release

30.0.0, June 2024

4.1.0, June 2022

1.1.0, April 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Unix

Linux

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

hosted

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

yes

schema-free

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL for querying

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

SQL-like query language

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
Native API

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

yes

JavaScript

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

JavaScript

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

Sharding

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

selectable replication factor

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

yes

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

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