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DBMS > Apache Drill vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RDFox vs. STSdb vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Apache Drill vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RDFox vs. STSdb vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Drill  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparisonSTSdb  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionSchema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud StorageFully managed big data interactive analytics platformHigh performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engineKey-Value Store with special method for indexing infooptimized for high performance using a special indexing methodVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMS
RDF store
Key-value storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.02
Rank#124  Overall
#22  Document stores
#59  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.29
Rank#300  Overall
#24  Graph DBMS
#13  RDF stores
Score0.10
Rank#357  Overall
#51  Key-value stores
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitedrill.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.oxfordsemantic.techgithub.com/­STSSoft/­STSdb4virtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdrill.apache.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.oxfordsemantic.techdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperApache Software FoundationMicrosoftOxford Semantic TechnologiesSTS Soft SCOpenLink Software
Initial release20122019201720111998
Current release1.20.3, January 2023cloud service with continuous releases6.0, Septermber 20224.0.8, September 20157.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, commercial license availableOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C#C
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Windows
WindowsAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes infoRDF schemasyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes infoprimitive types and user defined types (classes)yes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes
Secondary indexesnoall fields are automatically indexednoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliantKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetnonoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
.NET Client APIADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC++.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
Java
C#
Java
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.replication via a shared file systemnoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setupsImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentDepending on the underlying data sourceyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Depending on the underlying data sourcenoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlDepending on the underlying data sourceAzure Active Directory AuthenticationRoles, resources, and access typesnoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache DrillMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerRDFoxSTSdbVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Apache DrillMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerRDFoxSTSdbVirtuoso
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