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DBMS > Apache Drill vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TimescaleDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Drill vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TimescaleDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Drill  Xexclude from comparisonKdb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionSchema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud StorageHigh performance Time Series DBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL
Primary database modelDocument store
Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.90
Rank#126  Overall
#23  Document stores
#60  Relational DBMS
Score7.73
Rank#45  Overall
#2  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score3.28
Rank#83  Overall
#45  Relational DBMS
Score4.06
Rank#73  Overall
#5  Time Series DBMS
Websitedrill.apache.orgkx.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.timescale.com
Technical documentationdrill.apache.org/­docscode.kx.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.timescale.com
DeveloperApache Software FoundationKx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcMicrosoftTimescale
Initial release20122000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 200320192017
Current release1.20.3, January 20233.6, May 2018cloud service with continuous releases2.15.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial infofree 32-bit versioncommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageqC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesyes
Secondary indexesnoyes infotable attribute 'grouped'all fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliantSQL-like query language (q)Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntax
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC++C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsuser defined functionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell
Triggersnoyes infowith viewsyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioningSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas info
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesno infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanononoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentDepending on the underlying data sourceyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Depending on the underlying data sourceyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlDepending on the underlying data sourcerights management via user accountsAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache DrillKdbMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTimescaleDB
Specific characteristicsIntegrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
» more
Competitive advantagesprovides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
» more
Typical application scenariostick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
» more
Key customersGoldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
» more
Market metricskdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsupon request
» more

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More resources
Apache DrillKdbMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTimescaleDB
Recent citations in the news

Apache Drill case study: A tutorial on processing CSV files
9 June 2016, TheServerSide.com

Analyse Kafka messages with SQL queries using Apache Drill
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Timescale Acquires PopSQL to Bring a Modern, Collaborative SQL GUI to PostgreSQL Developers
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TimescaleDB Is a Vector Database Now, Too
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