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DBMS > Apache Drill vs. Firebolt vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Apache Drill vs. Firebolt vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Drill  Xexclude from comparisonFirebolt  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionSchema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud StorageHighly scalable cloud data warehouse and analytics product infoForked from ClickhouseGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.02
Rank#124  Overall
#22  Document stores
#59  Relational DBMS
Score1.73
Rank#140  Overall
#63  Relational DBMS
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websitedrill.apache.orgwww.firebolt.iocloud.google.com/­bigtableazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationdrill.apache.org/­docsdocs.firebolt.iocloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software FoundationFirebolt Analytics Inc.GoogleMicrosoft
Initial release2012202020152019
Current release1.20.3, January 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedhostedhosted
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesnoyesnoall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliantyesnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
.Net
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC++Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsnonoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnononoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesdepending on storage layerInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoAtomic single-row operationsno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentDepending on the underlying data sourceyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Depending on the underlying data sourcenono
User concepts infoAccess controlDepending on the underlying data sourceAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Azure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
Apache DrillFireboltGoogle Cloud BigtableMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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