DBMS > Apache Drill vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. H2 vs. SQLite vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Drill vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. H2 vs. SQLite vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Schema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud Storage

Cloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Document store
Relational DBMS

Document store

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.95
Rank	#127	Overall
	#23	Document stores
	#60	Relational DBMS

Score	14.29
Rank	#39	Overall
	#6	Document stores

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	114.32
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

drill.apache.org

firebase.google.com/products/realtime-database

www.h2database.com

www.sqlite.org

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

drill.apache.org/docs

firebase.google.com/docs/database

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Google

acquired by Google 2014

Thomas Mueller

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2012

2005

2000

2019

Current release

1.20.3, January 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

3.45.3 (15 April 2024), April 2024

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Public Domain

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

server-less

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

dynamic column types

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliant

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C++

Java
JavaScript
Objective-C

Java

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

limited functionality with using 'rules'

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Triggers

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

none

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Eventual Consistency

if the client is offline
Immediate Consistency

if the client is online

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

via file-system locks

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

Depending on the underlying data source

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

Depending on the underlying data source

yes

User concepts

Access control

Depending on the underlying data source

yes, based on authentication and database rules

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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