DBMS > Apache Drill vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. H2 vs. KeyDB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Drill vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. H2 vs. KeyDB vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Schema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud Storage

Cloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

An ultra-fast, open source Key-value store fully compatible with Redis API, modules, and protocols

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Document store
Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.95
Rank	#127	Overall
	#23	Document stores
	#60	Relational DBMS

Score	14.29
Rank	#39	Overall
	#6	Document stores

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	0.71
Rank	#226	Overall
	#33	Key-value stores

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

drill.apache.org

firebase.google.com/products/realtime-database

www.h2database.com

github.com/Snapchat/KeyDB
keydb.dev

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

drill.apache.org/docs

firebase.google.com/docs/database

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.keydb.dev

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Google

acquired by Google 2014

Thomas Mueller

EQ Alpha Technology Ltd.

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2012

2005

2019

Current release

1.20.3, January 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

BSD-3

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

Clojure

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

Linux

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

partial

Supported data types are strings, hashes, lists, sets and sorted sets, bit arrays, hyperloglogs and geospatial indexes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

by using the Redis Search module

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliant

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

Proprietary protocol

RESP - REdis Serialization Protoco

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C++

Java
JavaScript
Objective-C

Java

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Crystal
D
Dart
Elixir
Erlang
Fancy
Go
Haskell
Haxe
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Pascal
Perl
PHP
Prolog
Pure Data
Python
R
Rebol
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Swift
Tcl
Visual Basic

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

limited functionality with using 'rules'

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Lua

Triggers

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Eventual Consistency

if the client is offline
Immediate Consistency

if the client is online

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Strong eventual consistency with CRDTs

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

ACID

Optimistic locking, atomic execution of commands blocks and scripts

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

Depending on the underlying data source

yes

Configurable mechanisms for persistency via snapshots and/or operations logs

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

Depending on the underlying data source

yes

User concepts

Access control

Depending on the underlying data source

yes, based on authentication and database rules

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

simple password-based access control and ACL

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Cloud-based DBMS's popularity grows at high rates
12 December 2019, Paul Andlinger

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