DBMS > Apache Drill vs. DuckDB vs. HEAVY.AI vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

System Properties Comparison Apache Drill vs. DuckDB vs. HEAVY.AI vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Schema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud Storage

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

A high performance, column-oriented RDBMS, specifically developed to harness the massive parallelism of modern CPU and GPU hardware

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

Primary database model

Document store
Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.02
Rank	#124	Overall
	#22	Document stores
	#59	Relational DBMS

Score	4.63
Rank	#69	Overall
	#37	Relational DBMS

Score	1.64
Rank	#145	Overall
	#67	Relational DBMS

Score	0.33
Rank	#286	Overall
	#131	Relational DBMS

Score	27.71
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Website

drill.apache.org

duckdb.org

github.com/heavyai/heavydb
www.heavy.ai

google.github.io/lovefield

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

Technical documentation

drill.apache.org/docs

duckdb.org/docs

docs.heavy.ai

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

HEAVY.AI, Inc.

Google

Microsoft

Initial release

2012

2018

2016

2014

Current release

1.20.3, January 2023

1.0.0, June 2024

5.10, January 2022

2.1.12, February 2017

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

Apache Version 2; enterprise edition available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

C++ and CUDA

JavaScript

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

server-less

Linux

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

hosted

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliant

yes

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Vega

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

Supported programming languages

C++

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/Thrift
Python

JavaScript

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

JavaScript

Triggers

Using read-only observers

JavaScript

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

Round robin

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Multi-source replication

none

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

Depending on the underlying data source

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

Depending on the underlying data source

yes

using MemoryDB

User concepts

Access control

Depending on the underlying data source

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

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