DBMS > Apache Drill vs. ClickHouse vs. H2 vs. Immudb vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

System Properties Comparison Apache Drill vs. ClickHouse vs. H2 vs. Immudb vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Schema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud Storage

A high-performance, column-oriented SQL DBMS for online analytical processing (OLAP) that uses all available system resources to their full potential to process each analytical query as fast as possible. It is available as both an open-source software and a cloud offering.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Widely used in-process key-value store

Primary database model

Document store
Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

supports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS

in the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version

Secondary database models

Time Series DBMS

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.02
Rank	#124	Overall
	#22	Document stores
	#59	Relational DBMS

Score	15.55
Rank	#38	Overall
	#23	Relational DBMS

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	0.31
Rank	#295	Overall
	#42	Key-value stores

Score	2.01
Rank	#126	Overall
	#21	Key-value stores
	#3	Native XML DBMS

Website

drill.apache.org

clickhouse.com

www.h2database.com

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/berkeleydb.html

Technical documentation

drill.apache.org/docs

clickhouse.com/docs

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.immudb.io

docs.oracle.com/cd/E17076_05/html/index.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Clickhouse Inc.

Thomas Mueller

Codenotary

Oracle

originally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle

Initial release

2012

2016

2005

2020

1994

Current release

1.20.3, January 2023

v24.4.1.2088-stable, May 2024

2.2.220, July 2023

1.2.3, April 2022

18.1.40, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

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Implementation language

C++

Java

C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
macOS

All OS with a Java VM

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

only with the Berkeley DB XML edition

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliant

Close to ANSI SQL (SQL/JSON + extensions)

yes

SQL-like syntax

yes

SQL interfaced based on SQLite is available

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

gRPC
HTTP REST
JDBC
MySQL wire protocol
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Proprietary protocol

JDBC
ODBC

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

Supported programming languages

C++

3rd party library
C++
Elixir

3rd party library
Go

3rd party library
Java

3rd party library
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party library
Kotlin

3rd party library
Nim

3rd party library
Perl

3rd party library
PHP

3rd party library
Python

3rd party library
R

3rd party library
Ruby

3rd party library
Rust
Scala

3rd party library

Java

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net

Figaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others

Third-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

yes

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Triggers

yes

only for the SQL API

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

key based and custom

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Asynchronous and synchronous physical replication; geographically distributed replicas; support for object storages.

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

Depending on the underlying data source

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

Depending on the underlying data source

yes

User concepts

Access control

Depending on the underlying data source

Access rights for users and roles. Column and row based policies. Quotas and resource limits. Pluggable authentication with LDAP and Kerberos. Password based, X.509 certificate, and SSH key authentication.

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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