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DBMS > Apache Drill vs. Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. LevelDB vs. OpenQM

System Properties Comparison Apache Drill vs. Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. LevelDB vs. OpenQM

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Drill  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonOpenQM infoalso called QM  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionSchema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud StorageAnalytic DBMS for HadoopScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesQpenQM is a high-performance, self-tuning, multi-value DBMS
Primary database modelDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeMultivalue DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.95
Rank#127  Overall
#23  Document stores
#60  Relational DBMS
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score0.27
Rank#298  Overall
#10  Multivalue DBMS
Websitedrill.apache.orgimpala.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comgithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.rocketsoftware.com/­products/­rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/­rocket-open-qm
Technical documentationdrill.apache.org/­docsimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.citusdata.comgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.md
DeveloperApache Software FoundationApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGoogleRocket Software, originally Martin Phillips
Initial release20122013201020111993
Current release1.20.3, January 20234.1.0, June 20228.1, December 20181.23, February 20213.4-12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
LinuxLinuxIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesschema-freeyes infowith some exceptions
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynoyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliantSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnono
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC++All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
Basic
C
Java
Objective C
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noyes
Triggersnonoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingnoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentDepending on the underlying data sourceyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Depending on the underlying data sourcenono
User concepts infoAccess controlDepending on the underlying data sourceAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights can be defined down to the item level

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More resources
Apache DrillApache ImpalaCitusLevelDBOpenQM infoalso called QM
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