DBMS > Apache Derby vs. Bangdb vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. PostgreSQL vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Derby vs. Bangdb vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. PostgreSQL vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Converged and high performance database for device data, events, time series, document and graph

Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud Platform

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Document store

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Document store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.04
Rank	#85	Overall
	#46	Relational DBMS

Score	0.11
Rank	#340	Overall
	#48	Document stores
	#33	Graph DBMS
	#31	Time Series DBMS

Score	3.62
Rank	#71	Overall
	#12	Document stores

Score	674.32
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	0.20
Rank	#314	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

db.apache.org/derby

bangdb.com

cloud.google.com/datastore

www.postgresql.org

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

db.apache.org/derby/manuals/index.html

docs.bangdb.com

cloud.google.com/datastore/docs

www.postgresql.org/docs

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Sachin Sinha, BangDB

Google

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

1997

2012

2008

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2019

Current release

10.17.1.0, November 2023

BangDB 2.0, October 2021

16.4, August 2024

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

BSD 3

commercial

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

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Implementation language

Java

C, C++

Clojure

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Linux

hosted

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes: string, long, double, int, geospatial, stream, events

yes, details here

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

secondary, composite, nested, reverse, geospatial

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL like support with command line tool

SQL-like query language (GQL)

yes

standard with numerous extensions

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

Java

C
C#
C++
Java
Python

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures

using Google App Engine

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

yes, Notifications (with Streaming only)

Callbacks using the Google Apps Engine

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding (enterprise version only). P2P based virtual network overlay with consistent hashing and chord algorithm

Sharding

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

selectable replication factor, Knob for CAP (enterprise version only)

Multi-source replication using Paxos

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Tunable consistency, set CAP knob accordingly

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration

Strong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

via ReferenceProperties or Ancestor paths

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Serializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactions

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, optimistic concurrency control

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, implements WAL (Write ahead log) as well

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

yes, run db with in-memory only mode

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes (enterprise version only)

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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