DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. PostgreSQL vs. RRDtool vs. SurrealDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. PostgreSQL vs. RRDtool vs. SurrealDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Fast, reliable graph database built for the cloud

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

Industry standard data logging and graphing tool for time series data. RRD is an acronym for round-robin database.

The data is stored in a circular buffer, thus the system storage footprint remains constant over time.

A fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS

Primary database model

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Time Series DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.13
Rank	#111	Overall
	#9	Graph DBMS
	#5	RDF stores

Score	674.32
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	1.58
Rank	#138	Overall
	#11	Time Series DBMS

Score	1.08
Rank	#176	Overall
	#30	Document stores
	#16	Graph DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/neptune

www.postgresql.org

oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool

surrealdb.com

Technical documentation

aws.amazon.com/neptune/developer-resources

www.postgresql.org/docs

oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/doc

surrealdb.com/docs

Developer

Amazon

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Tobias Oetiker

SurrealDB Ltd

Initial release

2017

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

1999

2022

Current release

16.4, August 2024

1.8.0, 2022

v1.5.0, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

GPL V2 and FLOSS

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

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Implementation language

Implementations in Java (e.g. RRD4J) and C# available

Rust

Server operating systems

hosted

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

HP-UX
Linux

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Numeric data only

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Exporting into and restoring from XML files possible

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard with numerous extensions

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

OpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

in-process shared library
Pipes

GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket

Supported programming languages

C#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

with librrd library
C#

with a different implementation of RRDTool
Java

with a different implementation of RRDTool
JavaScript (Node.js)

with a different implementation of RRDTool
Lua
Perl
PHP

with a wrapper library
Python
Ruby

Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

by using the rrdcached daemon

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with encyption-at-rest

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes, based on authentication and database rules

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