DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. PostGIS vs. RDF4J vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. PostGIS vs. RDF4J vs. VoltDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Fast, reliable graph database built for the cloud

Spatial extension of PostgreSQL

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Distributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS

Used for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.29
Rank	#113	Overall
	#9	Graph DBMS
	#5	RDF stores

Score	21.72
Rank	#29	Overall
	#1	Spatial DBMS

Score	0.74
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	1.47
Rank	#157	Overall
	#73	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/neptune

postgis.net

rdf4j.org

www.voltdb.com

Technical documentation

aws.amazon.com/neptune/developer-resources

postgis.net/documentation

rdf4j.org/documentation

docs.voltdb.com

Developer

Amazon

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

VoltDB Inc.

Initial release

2017

2005

2004

2010

Current release

3.4.2, February 2024

11.3, April 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

GPL v2.0

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

AGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Java, C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Linux
OS X

for development

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

only a subset of SQL 99

APIs and other access methods

OpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

C#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Java
PHP
Python

C#
C++
Erlang

not officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

yes

Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

based on PostgreSQL

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.

yes

based on PostgreSQL

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

FOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

ACID

Transactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Data access is serialized by the server

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with encyption-at-rest

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

Snapshots and command logging

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

yes

based on PostgreSQL

Users and roles with access to stored procedures

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Spatial database management systems
6 April 2021, Matthias Gelbmann

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