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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostGIS vs. SAP Adaptive Server vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostGIS vs. SAP Adaptive Server vs. VoltDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPostGIS  Xexclude from comparisonSAP Adaptive Server infoformer name: Sybase ASE  Xexclude from comparisonVoltDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudFully managed big data interactive analytics platformSpatial extension of PostgreSQLThe SAP (Sybase) Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) is an enterprise-class RDBMSDistributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS infoUsed for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedSpatial DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMSSpatial DBMS infowith Boeing's Spatial Query Server
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score21.72
Rank#29  Overall
#1  Spatial DBMS
Score35.09
Rank#25  Overall
#17  Relational DBMS
Score1.47
Rank#157  Overall
#73  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptuneazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerpostgis.netwww.sap.com/­products/­technology-platform/­sybase-ase.htmlwww.voltdb.com
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerpostgis.net/­documentationhelp.sap.com/­docs/­SAP_ASEdocs.voltdb.com
DeveloperAmazonMicrosoftSAP, SybaseVoltDB Inc.
Initial release20172019200519872010
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases3.4.2, February 202416.011.3, April 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPL v2.0commercialOpen Source infoAGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC and C++Java, C++
Server operating systemshostedhostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X infofor development
Data schemeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesno
Secondary indexesnoall fields are automatically indexedyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesyesyes infoonly a subset of SQL 99
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
C++
Cobol
Java
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
C#
C++
Erlang infonot officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functionsJava and Transact-SQLJava
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes infobased on PostgreSQLhorizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infobased on PostgreSQLMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyesyesno infoFOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDACID infoTransactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infoData access is serialized by the server
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes infoSnapshots and command logging
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Azure Active Directory Authenticationyes infobased on PostgreSQLfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers and roles with access to stored procedures

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerPostGISSAP Adaptive Server infoformer name: Sybase ASEVoltDB
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