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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle Rdb vs. RDF4J vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle Rdb vs. RDF4J vs. Titan

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Rdb  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudFully managed big data interactive analytics platformRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.Titan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSRDF storeGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score1.14
Rank#178  Overall
#80  Relational DBMS
Score0.74
Rank#222  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptuneazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­rdb.htmlrdf4j.orggithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­rdb-doc.htmlrdf4j.org/­documentationgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
DeveloperAmazonMicrosoftOracle, originally developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Aurelius, owned by DataStax
Initial release20172019198420042012
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases7.4.1.1, 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open Source infoApache license, version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJava
Server operating systemshostedhostedHP Open VMSLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)yes infoRDF Schemasyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno
Secondary indexesnoall fields are automatically indexedyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesnono
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Java
PHP
Python
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryesyes
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenoneyes infovia pluggable storage backends
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.noneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknonoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyesyes infoRelationships in graph
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoyes, on a single nodeACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Azure Active Directory AuthenticationnoUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerOracle RdbRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameTitan
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