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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Lovefield vs. searchxml vs. Solr vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Lovefield vs. searchxml vs. Solr vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonsearchxml  Xexclude from comparisonSolr  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptDBMS for structured and unstructured content wrapped with an application serverA widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache LuceneVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSNative XML DBMS
Search engine
Search engineDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#7  Native XML DBMS
#25  Search engines
Score42.91
Rank#24  Overall
#3  Search engines
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunegoogle.github.io/­lovefieldwww.searchxml.net/­category/­productssolr.apache.orgvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mdwww.searchxml.net/­support/­handoutssolr.apache.org/­resources.htmldocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperAmazonGoogleinformationpartners gmbhApache Software FoundationOpenLink Software
Initial release20172014201520061998
Current release2.1.12, February 20171.09.6.0, April 20247.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaScriptC++JavaC
Server operating systemshostedserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafariWindowsAll OS with a Java VM inforuns as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included)AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyes infoDynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fieldsyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infosupports customizable data types and automatic typingyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyesyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternnoSolr Parallel SQL Interfaceyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
RESTful HTTP API
WebDAV
XQuery
XSLT
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
JavaScriptC++ infomost other programming languages supported via APIs.Net
Erlang
Java
JavaScript
any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyes infoon the application serverJava pluginsyes infoVirtuoso PL
TriggersnoUsing read-only observersnoyes infoUser configurable commands triggered on index changesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenoneShardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.noneyes infosychronisation to multiple collectionsyesChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononospark-solr: github.com/­lucidworks/­spark-solr and streaming expressions to reduceyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDmultiple readers, single writeroptimistic lockingACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infousing MemoryDBnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)noDomain, group and role-based access control at the document level and for application servicesyesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon NeptuneLovefieldsearchxmlSolrVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneLovefieldsearchxmlSolrVirtuoso
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