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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Lovefield vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. searchxml vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Lovefield vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. searchxml vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonsearchxml  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptWidely used in-process key-value storeDBMS for structured and unstructured content wrapped with an application serverVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Native XML DBMS
Search engine
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#7  Native XML DBMS
#25  Search engines
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunegoogle.github.io/­lovefieldwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlwww.searchxml.net/­category/­productsvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mddocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlwww.searchxml.net/­support/­handoutsdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperAmazonGoogleOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracleinformationpartners gmbhOpenLink Software
Initial release20172014199420151998
Current release2.1.12, February 201718.1.40, May 20201.07.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infocommercial license availablecommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaScriptC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)C++C
Server operating systemshostedserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafariAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
WindowsAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionyesyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availablenoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
RESTful HTTP API
WebDAV
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
JavaScript.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
C++ infomost other programming languages supported via APIs.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononoyes infoon the application serveryes infoVirtuoso PL
TriggersnoUsing read-only observersyes infoonly for the SQL APInoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenonenoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.noneSource-replica replicationyes infosychronisation to multiple collectionsChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDmultiple readers, single writerACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infousing MemoryDByesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)nonoDomain, group and role-based access control at the document level and for application servicesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon NeptuneLovefieldOracle Berkeley DBsearchxmlVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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Amazon NeptuneLovefieldOracle Berkeley DBsearchxmlVirtuoso
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