DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Stardog vs. Trino

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Stardog vs. Trino

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Fast, reliable graph database built for the cloud

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Fast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.20
Rank	#119	Overall
	#9	Graph DBMS
	#5	RDF stores

Score	0.29
Rank	#293	Overall
	#133	Relational DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	2.02
Rank	#123	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Score	5.00
Rank	#66	Overall
	#36	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/neptune

google.github.io/lovefield

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.stardog.com

trino.io

Technical documentation

aws.amazon.com/neptune/developer-resources

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.stardog.com

trino.io/broadcast
trino.io/docs/current

Social network pages

Developer

Amazon

Google

Microsoft

Stardog-Union

Trino Software Foundation

Initial release

2017

2014

1989

2010

2012

2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL

Current release

2.1.12, February 2017

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Starburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.

Implementation language

JavaScript

C++

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

Linux
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
macOS

for devlopment

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

depending on connected data-source

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

yes

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

yes

APIs and other access methods

OpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI

Supported programming languages

C#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

JavaScript

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

yes, depending on connected data-source

Triggers

Using read-only observers

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

none

depending on connected data-source

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

depending on connected data-source

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

depending on connected data-source

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

depending on connected data-source

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with encyption-at-rest

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

depending on connected data-source

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

SQL standard access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Trino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
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Competitive advantages

High performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
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Typical application scenarios

Performant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
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Key customers

Trino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
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Market metrics

33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
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Licensing and pricing models

Trino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.