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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. LevelDB vs. Manticore Search vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. LevelDB vs. Manticore Search vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonManticore Search  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesMulti-storage database for search, including full-text search.Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Key-value storeSearch engineDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsTime Series DBMS infousing the Manticore Columnar LibrarySpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score0.22
Rank#312  Overall
#21  Search engines
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunegithub.com/­google/­leveldbmanticoresearch.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdmanual.manticoresearch.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperAmazonGoogleManticore SoftwareOpenLink Software
Initial release2017201120171998
Current release1.23, February 20216.0, February 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoGPL version 2Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++C
Server operating systemshostedIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeFixed schemayes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoInt, Bigint, Float, Timestamp, Bit, Int array, Bigint array, JSON, Booleanyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoCan index from XMLyes
Secondary indexesnonoyes infofull-text index on all search fieldsyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoSQL-like query languageyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
Binary API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
RESTful HTTP/SQL API
SQL over MySQL
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
Elixir
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonouser defined functionsyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding infoPartitioning is done manually, search queries against distributed index is supportedyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.noneSynchronous replication based on Galera libraryChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoyes infoisolated transactions for atomic changes and binary logging for safe writesACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes infoThe original contents of fields are not stored in the Manticore index.yes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)nonoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon NeptuneLevelDBManticore SearchVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneLevelDBManticore SearchVirtuoso
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