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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudA high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryFully managed big data interactive analytics platformElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Key-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score2.09
Rank#121  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourceswww.lmdb.tech/­docdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperAmazonSymasMicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release2017201120192016
Current release0.9.32, January 2024cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Sourcecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC++
Server operating systemshostedLinux
Unix
Windows
hostedhosted
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesnonoall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RTransact SQL
Triggersnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.noneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnonono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)noAzure Active Directory Authenticationyes

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneLMDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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