DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Hawkular Metrics vs. PostGIS vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Hawkular Metrics vs. PostGIS vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Fast, reliable graph database built for the cloud

Hawkular metrics is the metric storage of the Red Hat sponsored Hawkular monitoring system. It is based on Cassandra.

Spatial extension of PostgreSQL

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#112	Overall
	#9	Graph DBMS
	#5	RDF stores

Score	0.04
Rank	#374	Overall
	#38	Time Series DBMS

Score	23.90
Rank	#29	Overall
	#1	Spatial DBMS

Score	0.09
Rank	#351	Overall
	#47	Document stores

Website

aws.amazon.com/neptune

www.hawkular.org

postgis.net

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

aws.amazon.com/neptune/developer-resources

www.hawkular.org/hawkular-metrics/docs/user-guide

postgis.net/documentation

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Amazon

Community supported by Red Hat

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2017

2014

2005

2019

Current release

3.4.2, February 2024

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

GPL v2.0

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

OpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin

HTTP REST

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Go
Java
Python
Ruby

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

via Hawkular Alerting

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

based on Cassandra

yes

based on PostgreSQL

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.

selectable replication factor

based on Cassandra

yes

based on PostgreSQL

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

based on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency

based on Cassandra

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with encyption-at-rest

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

yes

based on PostgreSQL

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Spatial database management systems
6 April 2021, Matthias Gelbmann

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