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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. H2 vs. Solr vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. H2 vs. Solr vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonSolr  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache LuceneA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSSearch engineDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score41.02
Rank#24  Overall
#3  Search engines
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.h2database.comsolr.apache.orggithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourceswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlsolr.apache.org/­resources.html
DeveloperAmazonThomas MuellerApache Software Foundation8Kdata
Initial release2017200520062016
Current release2.2.220, July 20239.6.1, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaJava
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VM inforuns as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included)All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeyesyes infoDynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fieldsschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infosupports customizable data types and automatic typingyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesnoyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesSolr Parallel SQL Interface
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java.Net
Erlang
Java
JavaScript
any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsJava plugins
Triggersnoyesyes infoUser configurable commands triggered on index changesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyesSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonospark-solr: github.com/­lucidworks/­spark-solr and streaming expressions to reduce
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDoptimistic lockingno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneH2SolrToroDB
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