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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Graph Engine vs. Kingbase vs. LMDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Graph Engine vs. Kingbase vs. LMDB vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonKingbase  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineAn enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMSKey-value storeDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score0.45
Rank#262  Overall
#123  Relational DBMS
Score1.99
Rank#125  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.graphengine.iowww.kingbase.com.cnwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourceswww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualwww.lmdb.tech/­doc
DeveloperAmazonMicrosoftBeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.Symas8Kdata
Initial release20172010199920112016
Current releaseV8.0, August 20210.9.32, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen SourceOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation language.NET and CC and JavaCJava
Server operating systemshosted.NETLinux
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesnoyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoStandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesuser defined functionsno
Triggersnonoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.yesnoneSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityKingbaseLMDBToroDB
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