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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. eXtremeDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. eXtremeDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisoneXtremeDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudNatively in-memory DBMS with options for persistency, high-availability and clusteringA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Widely used in-process key-value store
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score0.80
Rank#214  Overall
#99  Relational DBMS
#18  Time Series DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score2.01
Rank#126  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.mcobject.comcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.html
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourceswww.mcobject.com/­docs/­extremedb.htmcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.html
DeveloperAmazonMcObjectGoogleOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle
Initial release2017200120171994
Current release8.2, 202118.1.40, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infocommercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC and C++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)
Server operating systemshostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
hostedAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infosupport of XML interfaces availablenoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML edition
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infowith the option: eXtremeSQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is available
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
.NET Client API
JDBC
JNI
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
Lua
Python
Scala
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesnono
Triggersnoyes infoby defining eventsnoyes infoonly for the SQL API
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning / shardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Active Replication Fabric™ for IoT
Multi-source replication infoby means of eXtremeDB Cluster option
Source-replica replication infoby means of eXtremeDB High Availability option
Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoOptimistic (MVCC) and pessimistic (locking) strategies availableyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)no
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon NeptuneeXtremeDBGoogle Cloud SpannerOracle Berkeley DB
Specific characteristicseXtremeDB is an in-memory and/or persistent database system that offers an ultra-small...
» more
Competitive advantageseXtremeDB databases can be modeled relationally or as objects and can utilize SQL...
» more
Typical application scenariosIoT application across all markets: Industrial Control, Netcom, Telecom, Defense,...
» more
Key customersSchneider Electronics, F5 Networks, TNS, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, GoPro, ViaSat,...
» more
Market metricsWith hundreds of customers and over 30 million devices/applications using the product...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsFor server use cases, there is a simple per-server license irrespective of the number...
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More resources
Amazon NeptuneeXtremeDBGoogle Cloud SpannerOracle Berkeley DB
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