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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. LokiJS vs. Neo4j

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. LokiJS vs. Neo4j

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonLokiJS  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.In-memory JavaScript DBMSScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document storeGraph DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score0.43
Rank#264  Overall
#42  Document stores
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.ontotext.comgithub.com/­techfort/­LokiJSneo4j.com
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcescloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationtechfort.github.io/­LokiJSneo4j.com/­docs
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperAmazonGoogleOntotextNeo4j, Inc.
Initial release20172017200020142007
Current release10.4, October 20235.19, April 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen SourceOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJavaJavaScriptJava, Scala
Server operating systemshostedhostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesschema-freeschema-free and schema-optional
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesnoyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyes infovia viewsyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCnono
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
JavaScript APIBolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
JavaScript.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonowell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityView functions in JavaScriptyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functions
Triggersnononoyesyes infovia event handler
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnonenoneyes using Neo4j Fabric
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replicationnoneCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version only
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)noneCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes infoConstraint checkingnoyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDno infoatomic operations within a single collection possibleACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes infoSerialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.yes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.noUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon NeptuneGoogle Cloud SpannerGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMLokiJSNeo4j
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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