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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. LeanXcale vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. LeanXcale vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonLeanXcale  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure AI Search  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformA highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilitiesSearch-as-a-service for web and mobile app developmentWidely used in-process key-value store
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document storeKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Search engineKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score4.47
Rank#76  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score0.29
Rank#291  Overall
#41  Key-value stores
#132  Relational DBMS
Score5.59
Rank#63  Overall
#7  Search engines
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunecloud.google.com/­datastorewww.leanxcale.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­searchwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.html
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcescloud.google.com/­datastore/­docslearn.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­searchdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.html
DeveloperAmazonGoogleLeanXcaleMicrosoftOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle
Initial release20172008201520151994
Current releaseV118.1.40, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infocommercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)
Server operating systemshostedhostedhostedAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes, details hereyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML edition
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query language (GQL)yes infothrough Apache Derbynoyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is available
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
Java
Scala
C#
Java
JavaScript
Python
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnousing Google App Enginenono
TriggersnoCallbacks using the Google Apps Enginenoyes infoonly for the SQL API
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Multi-source replication using Paxosyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)yes infousing Azure authenticationno

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneGoogle Cloud DatastoreLeanXcaleMicrosoft Azure AI SearchOracle Berkeley DB
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