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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. MonetDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. MonetDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonMonetDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerA relational database management system that stores data in columns
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score2.97
Rank#92  Overall
#15  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score18.98
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score1.72
Rank#135  Overall
#62  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunecloud.google.com/­bigtableazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.monetdb.org
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcescloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.monetdb.org/­Documentation
DeveloperAmazonGoogleMicrosoftMonetDB BV
Initial release2017201520162004
Current releaseDec2023 (11.49), December 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoMozilla Public License 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C
Server operating systemshostedhostedhostedFreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesnonoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyesyes infoSQL 2003 with some extensions
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
native C library infoMAPI library (MonetDB application programming interface)
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
Java
PHP
C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoTransact SQLyes, in SQL, C, R
Triggersnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding via remote tables
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyesnone infoSource-replica replication available in experimental status
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDAtomic single-row operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.no
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)yesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneGoogle Cloud BigtableMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseMonetDB
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