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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. FoundationDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Postgres-XL

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. FoundationDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Postgres-XL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformBased on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#112  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score1.07
Rank#188  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#86  Relational DBMS
Score5.16
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score0.52
Rank#256  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.postgres-xl.org
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesapple.github.io/­foundationdbdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.postgres-xl.org/­documentation
DeveloperAmazonFoundationDBMicrosoft
Initial release2017201320192014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB
Current release6.2.28, November 2020cloud service with continuous releases10 R1, October 2018
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoMozilla public license
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infosome layers support schemasFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionality
Secondary indexesnonoall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnosupported in specific SQL layer onlyKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infodistributed, parallel query execution
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoin SQL-layer onlyYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions
Triggersnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.yesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsin SQL-layer onlynoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACID infoMVCC
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)noAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneFoundationDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerPostgres-XL
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