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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. FoundationDB vs. Graph Engine vs. LMDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. FoundationDB vs. Graph Engine vs. LMDB vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineA high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Key-value storeDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score1.99
Rank#125  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.graphengine.iowww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesapple.github.io/­foundationdbwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualwww.lmdb.tech/­doc
DeveloperAmazonFoundationDBMicrosoftSymas8Kdata
Initial release20172013201020112016
Current release6.2.28, November 20200.9.32, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoMIT LicenseOpen SourceOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++.NET and CCJava
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
.NETLinux
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesnonono
SQL infoSupport of SQLnosupported in specific SQL layer onlynono
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoin SQL-layer onlyyesno
Triggersnonononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardinghorizontal partitioningnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.yesnoneSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsin SQL-layer onlynonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)nonoAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneFoundationDBGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityLMDBToroDB
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