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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft SQL Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonKdb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.High performance Time Series DBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platformMicrosofts flagship relational DBMS
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document storeTime Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score13.64
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score7.71
Rank#49  Overall
#2  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunefirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasekx.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-server
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasecode.kx.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
DeveloperAmazonGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014Kx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcMicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release201720122000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 200320191989
Current release3.6, May 2018cloud service with continuous releasesSQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial infofree 32-bit versioncommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageqC++
Server operating systemshostedhostedLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyesyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyes infotable attribute 'grouped'all fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoSQL-like query language (q)Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnolimited functionality with using 'rules'user defined functionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java
TriggersnoCallbacks are triggered when data changesyes infowith viewsyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioningSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Source-replica replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyesnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)yes, based on authentication and database rulesrights management via user accountsAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon NeptuneFirebase Realtime DatabaseKdbMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMicrosoft SQL Server
Specific characteristicsIntegrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
» more
Competitive advantagesprovides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
» more
Typical application scenariostick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
» more
Key customersGoldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
» more
Market metricskdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsupon request
» more

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneFirebase Realtime DatabaseKdbMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMicrosoft SQL Server
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