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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. InfinityDB vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. InfinityDB vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonInfinityDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Table Storage  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.A Java embedded Key-Value Store which extends the Java Map interfaceA Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasetsVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document storeKey-value storeWide column storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score14.29
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score0.00
Rank#378  Overall
#57  Key-value stores
Score4.48
Rank#75  Overall
#6  Wide column stores
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunefirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databaseboilerbay.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­storage/­tablesvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databaseboilerbay.com/­infinitydb/­manualdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperAmazonGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014Boiler Bay Inc.MicrosoftOpenLink Software
Initial release20172012200220121998
Current release4.07.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC
Server operating systemshostedhostedAll OS with a Java VMhostedAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyes infonested virtual Java Maps, multi-value, logical ‘tuple space’ runtime Schema upgradeschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoall Java primitives, Date, CLOB, BLOB, huge sparse arraysyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesnoyesno infomanual creation possible, using inversions based on multi-value capabilitynoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonononoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
Access via java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentNavigableMap Interface
Proprietary API to InfinityDB ItemSpace (boilerbay.com/­docs/­ItemSpaceDataStructures.htm)
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
Java.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnolimited functionality with using 'rules'nonoyes infoVirtuoso PL
TriggersnoCallbacks are triggered when data changesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.noneyes infoimplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Immediate Consistency infoREAD-COMMITTED or SERIALIZEDImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnono infomanual creation possible, using inversions based on multi-value capabilitynoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyesACID infoOptimistic locking for transactions; no isolation for bulk loadsoptimistic lockingACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)yes, based on authentication and database rulesnoAccess rights based on private key authentication or shared access signaturesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon NeptuneFirebase Realtime DatabaseInfinityDBMicrosoft Azure Table StorageVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneFirebase Realtime DatabaseInfinityDBMicrosoft Azure Table StorageVirtuoso
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