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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Elasticsearch vs. H2 vs. JaguarDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Elasticsearch vs. H2 vs. JaguarDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonJaguarDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Performant, highly scalable DBMS for AI and IoT applicationsFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Search engineRelational DBMSKey-value store
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Spatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score132.83
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score0.06
Rank#381  Overall
#59  Key-value stores
#13  Vector DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchwww.h2database.comwww.jaguardb.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourceswww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlwww.jaguardb.com/­support.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperAmazonElasticThomas MuellerDataJaguar, Inc.Microsoft
Initial release20172010200520152019
Current release8.6, January 20232.2.220, July 20233.3 July 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoElastic LicenseOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoGPL V3.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaJavaC++ infothe server part. Clients available in other languages
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VMLinuxhosted
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesnoyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query languageyesA subset of ANSI SQL is implemented infobut no views, foreign keys, triggersKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
JavaC
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.yesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseMulti-source replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoES-Hadoop ConnectornonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integrationyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardrights management via user accountsAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneElasticsearchH2JaguarDBMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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