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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. RDFox

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. RDFox

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Search engineKey-value store
Wide column store
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score0.23
Rank#308  Overall
#25  Graph DBMS
#14  RDF stores
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchcloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.oxfordsemantic.tech
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourceswww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.oxfordsemantic.tech
DeveloperAmazonElasticGoogleOxford Semantic Technologies
Initial release2017201020152017
Current release8.6, January 20236.0, Septermber 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoElastic Licensecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-freeyes infoRDF schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesnoyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query languagenono
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesno
Triggersnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.yesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesreplication via a shared file system
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoES-Hadoop Connectoryes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoAtomic single-row operationsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integrationnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Roles, resources, and access types

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneElasticsearchGoogle Cloud BigtableRDFox
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