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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. EXASOL vs. Vertica vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. EXASOL vs. Vertica vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonEXASOL  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudHigh-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.Cloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infoColumn orientedDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score1.76
Rank#139  Overall
#62  Relational DBMS
Score10.06
Rank#42  Overall
#26  Relational DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.exasol.comwww.vertica.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourceswww.exasol.com/­resourcesvertica.com/­documentationdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperAmazonExasolOpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett PackardOpenLink Software
Initial release2017200020051998
Current release12.0.3, January 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial infoLimited community edition freeOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnono infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containersno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C
Server operating systemshostedLinuxAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.yes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesnoyesNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesFull 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.yes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java
Lua
Python
R
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functionsyes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differencesyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnoyesyes, called Custom Alertsyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardinghorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioningyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Multi-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoHadoop integrationno infoBi-directional Spark integrationyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hashFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon NeptuneEXASOLVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™Virtuoso
Specific characteristicsDeploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesFast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosCommunication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersAbiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsCost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneEXASOLVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™Virtuoso
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