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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. DuckDB vs. FoundationDB vs. H2

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. DuckDB vs. FoundationDB vs. H2

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptuneduckdb.orggithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.h2database.com
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesduckdb.org/­docsapple.github.io/­foundationdbwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.html
DeveloperAmazonFoundationDBThomas Mueller
Initial release2017201820132005
Current release1.0.0, June 20246.2.28, November 20202.2.220, July 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++Java
Server operating systemshostedserver-lessLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-free infosome layers support schemasyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesno infosome layers support typingyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesnoyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyessupported in specific SQL layer onlyyes
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoin SQL-layer onlyJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions
Triggersnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.noneyesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoin SQL-layer onlyyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)nonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneDuckDBFoundationDBH2
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