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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Dgraph vs. Greenplum vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Dgraph vs. Greenplum vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGreenplum  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSAnalytic Database platform built on PostgreSQL. Full name is Pivotal Greenplum Database infoA logical database in Greenplum is an array of individual PostgreSQL databases working together to present a single database image.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Graph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score8.08
Rank#48  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunedgraph.iogreenplum.orgwww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdgraph.io/­docsdocs.greenplum.orgwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperAmazonDgraph Labs, Inc.Pivotal Software Inc.Thomas MuellerMicrosoft
Initial release20172016200520052016
Current release7.0.0, September 20232.2.220, July 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoJavaC++
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java VMhosted
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infosince Version 4.2nono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyesyesyes
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
Java
Perl
Python
R
JavaC#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyesJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsTransact SQL
Triggersnonoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyesShardingnoneSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Synchronous replication via RaftSource-replica replicationWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyesyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)no infoPlanned for future releasesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneDgraphGreenplumH2Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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