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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. H2

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. H2

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Graph DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunedgraph.iocloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.h2database.com
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.html
DeveloperAmazonDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleThomas Mueller
Initial release2017201620152005
Current release2.2.220, July 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoJava
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java VM
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesnoyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnononoyes
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions
Triggersnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyesShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Synchronous replication via RaftInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDAtomic single-row operationsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)no infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneDgraphGoogle Cloud BigtableH2
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