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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. CockroachDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostGIS vs. SAP Adaptive Server

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. CockroachDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostGIS vs. SAP Adaptive Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPostGIS  Xexclude from comparisonSAP Adaptive Server infoformer name: Sybase ASE  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformSpatial extension of PostgreSQLThe SAP (Sybase) Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) is an enterprise-class RDBMS
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMSSpatial DBMS infowith Boeing's Spatial Query Server
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score5.73
Rank#58  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score21.72
Rank#29  Overall
#1  Spatial DBMS
Score35.09
Rank#25  Overall
#17  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.cockroachlabs.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerpostgis.netwww.sap.com/­products/­technology-platform/­sybase-ase.html
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourceswww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerpostgis.net/­documentationhelp.sap.com/­docs/­SAP_ASE
DeveloperAmazonCockroach LabsMicrosoftSAP, Sybase
Initial release20172015201920051987
Current release24.1.0, May 2024cloud service with continuous releases3.4.2, February 202416.0
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availablecommercialOpen Source infoGPL v2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoCC and C++
Server operating systemshostedLinux
macOS
Windows
hostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freedynamic schemaFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyesno
Secondary indexesnoyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesyes
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
JDBCMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
C++
Cobol
Java
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functionsJava and Transact-SQL
Triggersnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes infobased on PostgreSQLhorizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Multi-source replication using RAFTyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infobased on PostgreSQLMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access controlAzure Active Directory Authenticationyes infobased on PostgreSQLfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneCockroachDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerPostGISSAP Adaptive Server infoformer name: Sybase ASE
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